Plow.



J. PLUMMER.

PLOW.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 20. m3.

1,145,21 29 Patented July 6, 1915.

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42% M 2 9 244.10 ad/M PLOW.

Application fi1ed September 20, 1913.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN PLUMMER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Johnson, in the county of Stanton and State of Kansas, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Plows, of which the followingis a specification.

My invention relates to plows, and particularly to plows which areadapted to the plowing of surface and sub-soils.

In semi-arid regions the surface soil and sub-soil become dry andhardened and moisture precipitated upon the surface of the land flows tolower levels and is quickly evaporated. Surface soil of virgin land isdifficult to cultivate because of its hardened condition which preventsthe moisture from percolating to the sub-soil, where it might beconserved to sustain plant life in the surface soil.

The objects'of my invention are, first, to provide a cheap, durable andefficient plow operable by animal or other power and adapted forsimultaneously plowing the surface soil and the sub-soil and toestablish, between the furrows made by the plow, a crown or watershed ofsubstantially convex surface to incline the moisture precipitatedthereon to the adjacent furrows, sec- 0nd, to provide a plow having inadvance a double check plow or lister to furrow the surface soil and oneor more cutting plows in tandem with the lister to pulverize thesub-soil at the same time, and third, to provide an implement of thischaracter with adjustments whereby the several plows combined in the oneimplement may be individually arranged to operate at variable levels andat variable angles.

I attain these objects by the means and mechanism illustrated in theaccompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1, is a perspective view of my invention. Fig. 2, is aperspective view of the U-shaped wedge, a part of my invention. Fig. 3,is a perspective view of the locking device, a part of my invention, andFig. 4, is a side elevation of the cutting shoe 16, a part of myinvention. Fig. 5, is a rear elevation of a plurality of plows attachedto a vehicle.

Referring to the drawing: The numeral 1 indicates a plow beam which ispreferably made of two similar channel plates 2 and 3, disposed back toback and clamped to- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 6, 1915.

Serial No. 790,932.

gether by clamping bolts 4 which extend transversely through the channelplates at intervals. The channel plates are made of steel or iron,preferably mild steel. A clevis 5 having its front portions apertured atintervals in cross-wise direction is mounted upon the forward end of theplow beam and movably secured thereon by the pin 6 which extends throughthe end extremes of the clevis and between the channel plates rearwardlyof the bolt 4 adjacent the forward end of the plow beam. The clevisprovides means for attaching the plow to cross-trees, draw-bars andother devices for drawing the plow and the series of apertures in theforward end of the clevis provides means for elevating or depressing theend'of the plow in the well known manner.

A shank 7 preferably of flat steel or iron of suitable length, width andthickness and having the lower. end portion thereof bent forwardly incurved line is inserted upwardly between the channel plates 2 and 3intermediate their length so that its upper end portion projects adistance above the plow beams. A two check plow or lister 8 carryingmolding plates rearwardly is mounted on the lower end portion of theshank 7 and secured thereon by screw bolts 9 extending through thechecks of the plow and piercing the shank. A'shank 10, preferably offiat steel or iron of suitable width and thickness and having greaterlength than the shank 7 and having the lower end portion thereto bentforwardly in curved line is inserted upwardly between the channel plates2 and 8 a distance rearwardly of the shank 7 so that its upper endportion projects a distance above the plow beam. A cutting shoe1l--preferably made of flat steel of suitable length, width andthickness is mounted on the lower end portion of the shank 10 andsecured thereon by the screw bolts 12 and 12 which extend through theshoe and penetrate the shank. The cutting shoe is formed of a fiat barof steel which is bent to provide a straight bottom for the shoe, therearward end portion being bent upwardly and inwardly so as to impingeupon and brace the rear edge of the shank, and the forward edge of thebar is bent upwardly and inwardly in curved line. The point of the shoeis tempered and ground to a sharp cutting edge.

The cutting shoe 11 is positioned a distance "below the plane of thelister on shank 7 and for the purpose of cutting thesubsoil below thesurface soil'displaced by the lister plow. The curved upper portion ofthe cutting shoe operates to wedge the subsoil cut by the shoe apart andreduce the same to small particles. A plate 13, preferably of fiat steelof suitable thickness and length and having a width substantially thesame as the thickness of the shank is mounted on the front edge of theshank so as to abut theend of the upper portion of the shoe for thepurpose of preventing frictional wear and waste of the shank, and forthe purpose of holding the shoe in place when the latter is under stressduring the cutting process. The plate is secured on the shank by thescrewbolts 14L and 14: which are extended through the plate andpenetrate the shank. A shank 15 similar to the shanks 7 and lOlbutlonger than the shank 10 and made of flat steel, is inserted upwardlybetween the channel plates 2 and 3, a distance rearwardly of the shank10 so that its upper end portion projects a distance above the plowbeam. A cutting shoe 16, preferably made of flat steel of suitablelength, width and thickness is mounted on the lower end of the shank 15and secured thereon by the screw-bolts 17 and 17 which extend throughthe front of the shoe and penetrate the shank. The cutting shoe isformed similar to the cutting shoe 11 on the shank 10 having a straightbottom portion and a curved upper portion but the width of the shoe isconsiderably less than the width of the shoe 11 for the reason'that itoperates below the plane of the shoe 11 and cuts the sub-soil at agreater depth and in consequence encounters greater resistance. A plate18 is mounted on the front edge of theshank 15 so as to abut the end ofthe upper portion of the shoe 16 and is secured thereon by thescrewbolts 19 and 19' which extend through the plate and penetrate theshank. The cutting shoes 11 and 16 are designed for cutting layers ofsub-soil and separating the portion cut away from the main body and thecurved upper portion of the shoe is formed to turn the layer forwardlythereby breaking the same into small particles.

Although I have shown two cutting shoes in tandem with the lister plowit is considered that any number of additional cutting shoes may becarried by the plow if it be desired to cut the sub-soil into thinnerlayers to obtain less resistance in the cutting process.

For the purpose of holding the shanks 7 10 and 15 in place, the channelplates 2 and 3 are drawn together by the bolts 4:, the inner surface ofthe channel plates bearing against the opposite sides of the respectiveshanks thus preventing lateral movement of the shanks. To preventhorizontal movement of the shanks a locking device 20, comprising twosimilar oblong plates 21 and 21, extending diagonally across the outerfaces of the channel plates 2 and 3 parallel to each other, the oppositeend portions of the re spective plates being connected by bolts 22 and23, the former bearing upon the top of the channel plates and againstthe forward edge of the shank and the latter bearing against the bottomof the channel plates and against the rearward edge of the shank, isprovided for each of the shanks, a U-shaped wedge 24, having a fiatunder surface and a tapering upper surface is movably positioned on thetop of the channel plates 2 and 3 forwardly of each of the shanks 7 10and 15, so that the opposite limbs of the wedge are on opposite sides ofthe shank and beneath the bolt 22 of the locking device 20. The U-shapedwedge is for the purpose of providing means for adjusting the angle ofinclination of the shank so as to elevate or depress the points oflister and the cutting shoes. The locking device 20 operates to preventvertical and horizontal movement of the shanks when the stress of theplowing and cutting process is exerted against the shanks. A bearing box25 is rigidly secured on the top of the channel plates 2 and 3rearwardly adjacent the shank 10' and extends crosswise the channelplates. The forward part of the box adjacent to bottom is cut awaytransversely so as to admit of the entry of a crank shaft as willhereafter appear. A pair of handles 26 is attached to the back part ofthe plow beam for the purpose of guiding the implement when the same isdrawn singly by animals or other power.

It'is customary in plowing with a lister to furrow the surface soil atintervals and in parallel lines, and for the purpose of breaking aplurality of furrows at the same time the plow may be assembled in gangsof two or more and attached to a wheeled vehicle drawn by animals or byaltraction engine. I show in Fig. 5 a vehicle of the well known typecarrying two plows in parallelism, which vehicle consists of a pair ofwheels 27 and 27 on axles 28 and 28, the latter combined with a verticalarchway 29. A crank shaft 30 is journaled at its opposite ends in thebearing 3131 on opposite sides of the archway a little distance abovethe axles. A lever 32, having a ratchet 33 is mounted on one end of thecrankshaft for the purpose of elevating or depressing the plows carriedby the crank shaft, the latter being mounted in the bearing box 25 oneach plow. A bar 34: extending crosswise the plows is attached to theopposite plows by its opposite ends and secured in place by the bolts 35which extend through the bar and penetrate the adjacent plow-beam. Aguiding tongue 36 is attached to the upper part of the arch-way adaptedto engage the neck yoke of animals, not shown, or a similar contrivanceon a traction engine, not shown. A seat 37 is mounted on the top of thearchway, for the convenience of the operator.

Assuming that my invention is constructed and assembled as I havedescribed, and it is desired to operate the same, the channel plates 2and 3 are unclamped a distance and the shanks 7, 10 and 15 are movedvertically to bring the lister and the cutting shoes to lie in differentplanes so that the lister will furrow the surface soil and the cuttingshoe 11 will cut and separate a layer of the subsoil in the desiredquantity, and the cutting shoe 16 will follow at a lower level and cutand separate an additional layer of subsoil. The channel plates are thenclamped together upon the shanks 7, 10 and 15 and the locking device 20is forced forwardly or backwardly to give the proper inclination of thelister and cutting shoe points. The cross-tree attached to the harnessof the animals, not shown, is then connected to the clevis 5, and theplow drawn forward. In the forward movement the lister on the shank 7furrows the surface soil and transfers a part of the latter to each sideof the furrow, the cutter shoe 11 on the shank 10 following directlyafter the lister at a lower level cuts a layer of the sub-soil and thewedge shaped shoe turns the layer upward and breaks the soil into smallparticles, the cutting shoe 16 on the shank 15 following directly afterthe cutting shoe 11 at a lower level cuts an additional layer of thesub-soil and its wedge shape operates to turn the layer upward and breakit into small particles similar to the action of the shoe 11. The listeris designed to furrow the desired width of the soil to be tilled, thecutting shoe 11 cuts a layer of the subsoil considerably narrower thanthe furrow, and the cutting shoe 16 cuts a layer of sub-soil narrowerthan that cut by the shoe 11, and thus the furrow is tilled in atapering shape.

The surface soil between the furrows sheds the moisture to the furrowswhere it percolates to the bottom of the tilling and remainsindefinitely to nourish and sustain the plant growing in the furrow.

If a plurality of plows are drawn by a traction engine the furrow isexactly similar to the furrow described when drawn singly by animals orother power, the results obtained differing only in the number offurrows tilled by the one operation.

WVith my invention, furrows may be tilled in the virgin soil ofsemi-arid lands and the moisture precipitated at intervals conservedwithin the furrows indefinitely. Seeds may be planted in season in thetilled furrows, and the moisture conserved. will assure the germinationand growth regardless of wind or other climatic condition, as the plow Ihave described will prepare a perfect seed bed from twelve totwenty-four inches and upward in depth.

Having described my invention, I claim In a plow, a standard having itsfoot bent forwardly in a curved line slidably secured between thedivided portions of the beam and supportingly engaged by the inner sidesof the sections thereof, and a cutting shoe mounted on the foot of saidstandard, said cutting shoe consisting of a flat bar of metal having itsforward end portion bent upwardly and inwardly in curved line andsecured on the front of the foot of the standard and the opposite endportion thereof bent upwardly and inwardly in straight line and theterminal end thereof contacting the back of the foot of said standard,the toe portion of said shoe being hardened and sharpened transverselyto form a blade.

JOHN PLUMMER. Witnesses:

A. L. DoNoHun, T. FAnRoN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

